This paper provides an exploratory comparative assessment of the institutional pressures influencing corporate social responsibility in a developed country, UK, vs. a developing country, Brazil, based on a survey of different actors. Information on sustainability concerns, organizational strategies and mechanisms of pressure was collected through interviews with environmental regulatory agencies, financial institutions, media and non-governmental organizations. Our results confirm that the more advanced awareness and CSR responsiveness in the UK is a consequence of a predominance of coercive and normative forces (...) on the organizational field. The institutional forces tend to build a Brazilian organizational field that is relational based and risk intensive. The findings lend support to the view that CSR responses are unlikely to be easily transformed into uniform standardized practices across the globe. This paper contributes to a collective understanding of the organizational field and a common template for CSR in the context of developed and developing countries. (shrink)

In this article, we describe how Louis-Joseph Lebret’s work, propelled by his human-centred spirituality, contributed to the development of an approach aimed at the transformation of social and eco...

Os escritos de Evágrio Pôntico, monge do século IV, embora não constituindo um sistema filosófico, são de capital importância para compreendermos o desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental. No presente trabalho, todavia, operamos um corte epistemológico diferente. Buscamos na sua obra Tratado Prático, primeira parte de uma trilogia de teologia espiritual, elementos de uma doutrina psicológica que, é o que pretendemos demonstrar, se constitui em verdadeira terapêutica. Assim, exploramos alguns conceitos fundamentais dessa obra, tais como os de impassibilidade, de pensamentos passionais, e (...) o de paixões, e também doutrinas importantes, como a da divisão tripartite da alma e a demonologia evagriana. (shrink)

In a recent opinion paper, it was argued that individuals with multiple retractions or a record of academic misconduct should not serve as editors, including as editors-in-chief, on the editorial boards of scholarly or academic journals. As a first step towards appreciating how such a policy could be applied in practice, the presence of 30 individuals listed on the Retraction Watch Leaderboard on editorial boards was screened. Six cases are highlighted to gain an appreciation of the potential reputational risks that (...) journals and publishers might incur by including individuals with a tainted academic record on editorial boards. Given the reputational, legal and other risks associated with this type of assessment and decision, more formal positioning and guidance are needed by global ethics policy-related bodies such as COPE, the ICMJE, and the CSE, even more so in journals that claim to follow these organizations’ ethical guidelines. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de ampliar o debate acerca do direito à expressão artística para estudantes da rede pública de ensino como forma de construirmos oportunidades para uma educação emancipadora, as quais sejam inseridas no currículo, haja visto que a escola precisa estar articulada às práticas culturais e políticas da cidade. No que concerne à oportunidade e valorização de expressar-se por meio da Arte, seja a Pintura, a Literatura e outras modalidades, o Museu de Arte da Universidade Federal (...) do Ceará (MAUC) exerceu significativa contribuição para o encontro entre a escola e o patrimônio histórico-cultural da cidade, sobretudo no que tange às coleções do artista Descartes Gadelha, a partir das quais foram engendradas pesquisas e oficinas artísticas que permitiram a sensibilização do olhar para os invisibilizados da cidade, assim como suscitou a crítica para uma desnaturalização das desigualdades sociais de nossa tessitura social. Nesse sentido, pensar a escola e o processo democrático de aprendizado para a construção da “palavramundo” (Freire, 1990) pelos próprios educandos, é fomentar uma reflexão acerca do currículo enquanto um “território em disputa” (Arroyo, 2023), por ser ele o núcleo e o espaço central mais estruturante da função da escola. Por meio da “palavramundo” (Freire, 1990), verificamos um processo de recriação e produção de releituras de conhecimentos de nosso patrimônio histórico-cltural que interagem com experiências trazidas nas narrativas dos nossos estudantes, num processo de apropriação e transformação do qual resultam descobertas sobre a própria condição humana, que ampliam o próprio sentido do processo ensino-aprendizagem. (shrink)

Num diálogo entre a Teoria Constitucional e a Filosofia Jurídica, O Ponto de Arquimedes procura levantar eternas interrogações sobre a fundamentação e a legitimação do Direito. Num tempo de consenso aparente e por vezes hipócrita em torno dos Direitos Humanos, o desafio é o de saber quais as suas raízes- a simples vontade do poder, sempre reversível, ou o Direito Natural e a própria natureza do Homem? A indagação sobre o ponto de apoio do Arquimedes jurídico, longe de ser supérflua (...) especulação, constitui, ao invés, a pedra angular de todo o edifício do Direito, o fulcro onde assenta a alavanca movente de todo o pensar e agir da juridicidade. Consagrando-se especialmente ao Direito Constitucional e à Filosofia do Direito, Paulo Ferreira da Cunha é professor universitário, agregado em Direito - Ciências Jurídicas Públicas (Univ. Minho), doutor em Direito - Ciências Jurídico-Políticas (Univ. Coimbra), e doutor em Direito - História/Filosofia do Direito (Univ. Paris II). ÍNDICE GERAL Introdução- O Ponto de Arquimedes PARTE PRIMEIRA - Natureza Humana e Direito Natural Secção I- Em demanda da Natureza Humana Secção II- Direito Natural e Jusnaturalismo Secção III- Deveres, Direitos, Valores. Do Conteúdo do Direito Natural PARTE SEGUNDA - Direito e Direitos Humanos Secção I- Para além do Mito do Direito Secção II- Para uma Não Definição de Direito Secção III- O Paradigma Direitos Humanos Secção IV- Dos Valores aos Direitos Bibliografia Geral Índice Analítico. (shrink)

No ensaio “Franz Kafka: uma reavaliação: por ocasião do vigésimo aniversário de sua morte”, Hannah Arendt desenvolve reflexão sobre a construção das personagens kafkianas, a partir das narrativas O processo (1925) e O castelo (1926), na medida em que os heróis kafkianos “desmascaram as estruturas ocultas da sociedade, que frustra as necessidades mais banais e destrói as mais elevadas intenções do homem” (Arendt, 2016, p. 103). Na Literatura de Franz Kafka (1883-1924), verificamos a força germinativa de sua tessitura literária uma (...) vez que nos proporciona leituras sob prismas filosóficos que ampliam nossa compreensão acerca da condição humana, estabelecendo como protagonista o “homem comum”, por meio de uma “história à contrapelo” (Benjamin, 1994). A partir da tessitura literária kafkiana, tal qual um caleidoscópio, o presente artigo tem o propósito de fomentar o debate filosófico em face da múltiplas possibilidades de diálogo e discussão, sob o prisma de Hannah Arendt, por meio de um análise crítico-comparatista com a Literatura de Dostoiévski; sob os olhares estilísticos e filosóficos de Milan Kundera e Deleuze e Guatarri, entre outros pensadores, ao refletirmos acerca do kafkiano e sobre o conceito de “literatura menor” e a “desterritorialização” da língua, bem como destacaremos uma interpretação marxista por meio do pensador Georg Lukács, acerca da sociedade reificada do capitalismo, sobretudo a partir de A Metamorfose. (shrink)

O ensino de filosofia para/com crianças: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar, na literatura existente, quais os estudos sobre filosofia para/com crianças que investigam sobre as experiências das crianças nessa prática. Por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), realizada em três etapas: planejamento, seleção e extração, em cinco bases de dados diferentes, encontramos trinta e três (33) pesquisas sobre o ensino de filosofia para crianças (Philosophy for Children), porém, apenas duas (2) (...) pesquisas que abordam especificamente sobre as experiências das crianças com o ensino de filosofia. Por meio dessa Revisão, desejamos contribuir com as pesquisas sobre Filosofia para Crianças. Palavras-chave: Crianças; Filosofia; Infância; Revisão. The teaching philosophy to/with children: a sistematic review of literature Abstract: The presente study aims to indetify, in the existing literature, which studies on philosophy for / with children that investigate children’s experience in this practice. Through Sistematic Literature Review (SLR), carried out in the three stages: planning, selection and extraction, in five different databases, we found thirty-three (33) researches on teaching philosophy to children, however, only two (2) surveys that specifically address children’s experiences with teaching philosophy. Through this Review we wish to contribute to research on Philosophy for Children. Keywords: Children; Philosophy; Childhood; Review. La enseñanza de la filosofía con/para niños: una revisión sistemática de la literatura Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar, en la literatura existente, qué estudios de filosofía para / con niños que investigan las experiencias de los niños en esta práctica. Mediante una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), realizada en tres etapas: planificación, selección y extracción, en cinco bases de datos diferentes, encontramos treinta y tres (33) investigaciones sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía a los niños (Filosofía para Niños) sin embargo, solo dos (2) encuestas que abordan específicamente las experiencias de los niños con la enseñanza de la filosofía. A través de esta revisión, deseamos contribuir a la investigación sobre Filosofía para Niños. Palabras Clave: Niños; Filosofía; Infancia; Revisión. Data de registro: 07/01/2021 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

A reflexão sobre o papel formativo da pesquisa no âmbito dos programas de pós-graduação em educação é o objeto deste texto. Usando como referência o pensamento filosófico de autores como Vieira Pinto e Freire valoriza o diálogo como referente da interlocução que redunda em produção de conhecimento e se vincula diretamente à noção de comunidade, construindo, portanto, comunidades discursivas. O caminho escolhido para articular essa reflexão, elegeu as vivências no cotidiano de Programas de Pós-Graduação como eixo da análise. A experiência (...) vem apontando rumos e tendências presentes na cultura de formação. A organização dos PPGs em Linhas de Pesquisa favorece a produção coletiva e pode produzir significativos processos de formação acadêmica. (shrink)

Embora a distância temporal entre Agostinho e Freud possa apresentar dificuldades no que se refere a aproximações conceituais, a tentativa deste artigo é reconhecer alguns conjuntos significantes que se estruturam em torno principalmente das noções de memória e de inconsciente. A finalidade de tal procedimento é identificar no que poderíamos chamar de uma antropologia, seja ela agostiniana ou freudiana, elementos para a crítica do sujeito da modernidade. Assim, serāo examinados o conceito de inconsciente freudiano e o de memória agostiniana e (...) a sua referência a conteúdos latentes da mente, para em seguida ser pontuado o diferencial da memória agostiniana como sede de sabedoria e de transcendência, ideia ausente na teoria freudiana. Enquanto em Freud o sujeito fica desabrigado de si, não sendo senhor da própria casa, em Agostinho verifica-se a saída-de-si em direção a um ‘eu’ mais que ‘eu’. Ambos os autores se dedicam a investigar dimensões ocultas e desconhecidas da subjetividade, buscando lhes atribuir alguma inteligibilidade. Com isso explicitam-se elementos para uma crítica dessa “invenção “da modernidade, isto é, o sujeito tido como autossuficiente e autocentrado. (shrink)

The natural instinct for members of the Committee on Publication Ethics, which now number almost 12,200, as well as academia, is to assume that this organization works under strict and clearly defined ethical parameters, with a solid vision, and an independent mandate that is not influenced by power, think tanks, or partisan interests. Naturally, whistle-blowing and science shaming are not practices that one would usually associate with an ethics organization like COPE, because they involve ethically and morally questionable practices. Despite (...) this, ethical borders have become blurred between the objectives of Retraction Watch and PubPeer, two self-moderated science watchdogs that rely heavily on these questionable practices, in their efforts to grow and survive, and the values espoused by COPE. A Retraction Watch post, in which the former COPE Chair, Virginia Barbour, made a claim of apparent harassment, is the most striking example of the dangers when collaboration may take place between science-shaming websites, and an ethics organization, COPE. These bonds appear to have been in development for a number of years already, with the inclusion of Elizabeth Wager, the former COPE Chair, as a director of The Center for Science Integrity Inc., Retraction Watch’s parent organization. Retraction Watch was financed by, among other groups, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, whose leader, John Arnold, an ex-Enron trader, declared a “war on bad science”, which may naturally include the destruction of aspects of science as well. Retraction Watch embraces several infamous pseudonymous personas under the broad umbrella of freedom of speech, liaising thereby with PubPeer. There is no doubt that errors in the literature need correcting, but this apparent connection with COPE raises questions about the basic ethical foundation of this relationship. Are scientists to embrace this bond between COPE and science watchdogs and pseudonymous whistle-blowers as the new normal in the correction of the scientific literature? This opinion piece puts forward arguments why the author believes that the ethical compass of COPE has become skewed. (shrink)

Considerações acerca da emenda da sociologia das religiões -- Conceito da sociologia da arte.

Museum visitors partake in the effect of what we can call the domestication of the view. They witness the constant changes in how objects are allowed to exist in a museological space. In this way, visitors are challenged to cultivate new sensibilities that simultaneously reveal and conceal things and their relationships. These meanings have been subject to political debates, controversies, disputes, and conflicts around property rights involving museum representatives and other actors. As a result, the domesticated things inside the museums (...) threaten to displace themselves, moving towards the uncertainty of other shelters and other hands. Each time other flows and movements towards other ‘homes’ are asserted by different sort of groups and communities to reclaim or ‘bring home’ objects previously obtained through a mixture of pillaging, acquisitions, donations, and violent actions, distinct voices ask the same question: whose home? By exploring a case concerning the restitution of objects outside and inside museums, this article explores an alternative understanding of the notion of the house as a legitimate relationship between materiality and those worlds in which objects dwell. In the first sections, to explore the idea of heterotopy coined by Michel Foucault from an anthropological perspective, I return to some interpretations of notions such as ‘home’ and ‘house’ drawing on classical ethnographies. Secondly, I focus on what Ghassan Hage calls a ‘diasporic lenticularity’ to explore other “modes of existing” in multiple places and realities. Finally, I conclude by revolving distinct cases concerning museum practices and reallocation processes, transforming and (re)creating new spaces to locate and house unstable objects and presences. (shrink)

1. Mitos, memórias, conceitos -- Direitos humanos, direitos fundamentais.

Is the dream of EU endangered? This book reviews classic and modern values and virtues, and uses them in order to rethink Europe's present politics and its future. The idea of the Republic was born with the political ethics of ancient Greece. The current international crisis obliges Europe to face the mirror of truth: What has become of the European Idea and how fares the European Constitution? It has been a long road from the Greek Politeia to the present lack (...) of values and financial monomania in Europe, who seems to have lost any harmony between the spirit, the soul and the body of her Constitution: the will and values of the people (material constitution), the text of the Lisbon Treaty (formal constitution) and its current political interpretation and action (real constitution), making Europe a two-tier or three-tier club, far from the dream of the founding fathers. Without republican values and virtues, and failing to uphold the European social model, the European Union would devolve into moral, social and democratic bankruptcy. (shrink)

Repisando a trilha clássica de aproximação ao Direito, o livro repropõe o método realista para pensar o Direito. Um estar de novo do pensamento jurídico tradicional, com sua persistente atualidade, está a exigir que se retome e guarde a analogia do termo Direito e a conclusão de que, antes de mais, sendo o Direito uma coisa, a 'coisa justa', seus demais possíveis conceitos são somente analogados secundários que, por importantes se estimem, demandam sempre referência subalterna àquele prius significativo - antes (...) de tudo, o Direito é justo. Essa perspectiva realista reabre a esperança de que, mediando a experiência e a dialética, se reencontre e aprofunde uma teoria da justiça ancorada na natureza das coisas. Paulo Ferreira da Cunha e Ricardo Dip uniram aqui suas meditações acadêmicas para, comungando da doutrina jusnaturalista clássica formular um convite para que se pense realmente o Direito. (shrink)

Retractions of COVID-19 literature in both preprints and the peer-reviewed literature serve as a reminder that there are still challenging issues underlying the integrity of the biomedical literature. The risks to academia become larger when such retractions take place in high-ranking biomedical journals. In some cases, retractions result from unreliable or nonexistent data, an issue that could easily be avoided by having open data policies, but there have also been retractions due to oversight in peer review and editorial verification. As (...) COVID-19 continues to affect academics and societies around the world, failures in peer review might also constitute a public health risk. The effectiveness by which COVID-19 literature is corrected, including through retractions, depends on the stringency of measures in place to detect errors and to correct erroneous literature. It also relies on the stringent implementation of open data policies. (shrink)

Auto-operação manifesta uma co-presença de feminismos, a partir do eixo de pensamento que contrapõe a noção de sexo como biológico a ideia de gênero como construção sociocultural. Os trabalhos apresentados refletem tanto um tempo existencial, subjetivado, íntimo e interiorizado, quanto o âmbito comunicacional, maquínico e exteriorizado da produção sensível.

Neurath’s approach to the problem of the unity of science is different from conceptions we may call traditional, to know, those that consider that what unites in one single concept the diverse sciences is the adoption of a method, or those that defend that this is carried through by certain characteristics which can be found in the body of knowledge considered scientific. Neurath’s stance also diverges from the standpoint that there is no unifying factor for science, that is, the view (...) that the different sciences are only classified under such concept because of the historical origin of such activities. Neurath’s proposal is to consider science as an attitude, a posture in relation to the problems of the world, the scientific world-conception. This text presents such approach in connection to the aspect of social transformation that can be found in Neurath’s thought. This is done following a comprehension of the ideas of the Vienna Circle, seeking to understand a continuity among the ideas of the members of such group, especially Neurath and Carnap. The present text aims, as well, at recovering the Neurathian idea that we can use a philosophical approach to science to struggle against the problems of the world. (shrink)

Otto Neurath’s empiricist methodology of economics and his contributions to political economy have gained increasing attention in recent years. We connect this research with contemporary debates regarding the epistemological status of thought experiments by reconstructing Neurath’s utopias as linchpins of thought experiments. In our three reconstructed examples of different uses of utopias/dystopias in thought experiments we employ a reformulation of Häggqvist’s model for thought experiments and we argue that: (1) Our reformulation of Häggqvist’s model more adequately complies with many uses (...) of thought experiments, especially with the open-ended discussions of utopias and dystopias in thought experiments. (2) As a strict logical empiricist, Neurath is committed to a strictly empiricist account of thought experiments. John Norton’s empiricist argument view can indeed account for the justifications of empirical beliefs and genuine discoveries targeted by scientific utopianism in three distinct (yet connected) ways, all of which Neurath already contemplated: (2.I) Dealing with utopias and thought experiments on a regular basis increases creativity and inventiveness. (2.II) Particular ways of presenting knowledge facilitate scientific discovery and social progress. (2.III) The use of utopias in thought experiments can prompt conceptual change and allow access to new phenomena. We conclude by highlighting that, even though thought experiments support a positive attitude for exploring new social possibilities, Neurath points out that active decisions are unavoidable. The exploration of alternatives and the awareness of a need for decisions in policy discussion avert a technocratic outlook in social science. (shrink)

This paper compares the claims about our knowledge of the external world presented by Rudolf Carnap, in the book known as the Aufbau, to those of Clarence Irving Lewis, in Mind and the World-Order. This comparison is made in terms of the opposition to Kantian epistemology that both books establish; the Aufbau is regarded as the peak of the logicist tradition and Mind and the World-Order is taken in continuity with pragmatism. It is found that both books present knowledge of (...) the external world as a consequence of a structural organization of human experience. However, there is an important point of divergence: the concept of verification each author adopts is different, such a concept was even a matter of discussion between Lewis and the Vienna Circle. This paper shows this disagreement but also shows how Carnap changed his point of view in the decade after the Aufbau was published, towards a standpoint which is much closer to Lewis’s ideas. In that process, nevertheless, Carnap changed his focus and did not deal with the problem of the external world anymore. This paper also seeks to draw attention to some features of the relation between Carnap and the pragmatist tradition which have only recently started to attract interest. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to show Augustine’s originality in ascribing a key role to will in the cognitive activity. For him, knowledge is influenced by both will and love, and cannot be grasped without will. Grounded primarily on De trinitate, the article focuses on three kinds of knowledge that shed light on his peculiar view on will: self-knowledge, knowledge of God, and the knowledge of bodies.RÉSUMÉ: L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que l’originalité d’Augustin est d’attribuer (...) un rôle clé à la volonté dans l’activité cognitive. Pour lui, la connaissance est influencée tant par la volonté que par l’amour et ne peut être appréhenéee sans volonté. Se basant principalement sur De trinitate, cet article se concentre sur trois genres de connaissance qui mettent en lumière sa conception particulière de la volonté : la connaissance de soi, la connaissance de Dieu et la connaissance des corps. (shrink)

This paper intents to analyze the influence of John Dewey’s ideas in the movement that defended the educationl renovation in Brazil at the end of the 1920s and in the 1930s. For this, it explains two trends of that movement: the first is described by the metaphor of industrial or mechanical efficiency, whose emphasis was in the power derived from the disciplinary idea of progress, which was embedded in the process of rationalization of the social relations submitted by a factory (...) model; the second, developed by influence of Dewey, is characterized by a project of democratization of society and school that prevented the individual massification and the adoption of the rationalizing model inspired by the factory without any criticism. When Dewey was put in the center of the debate on political, pedagogical and social goals of the Brazilian New School, he was called to introduce a series of concepts that helped to find the balance between the respect for individuality and the observation of the social needs. (shrink)

The blogosphere is full of personalities with masks, or pseudonyms. Although not a desired state of public communication, one could excuse the use of pseudonyms in blogs and social media, which are generally unregulated or weakly regulated. However, in science publishing, there are increasingly strict rules regarding the use of false identities for authors, the lack of institutional or contact details, and the lack of conflicts of interest, and such instances are generally considered to be misconduct. This is because these (...) violations of publishing protocol decrease trust and confidence in science and bring disrepute to those scientists who conform to the rules set out by journals and publishers and abide by them. Thus, when cases are encountered where trust and protocol in publishing are breached, these deserve to be highlighted. In this letter, I focus on Neuroskeptic, a highly prominent science critic, primarily on the blogosphere and in social media, highlighting the dangers associated with the use of pseudonyms in academic publishing. (shrink)

O humanista português Antônio de Gouveia compôs epigramas em latim, publicados no século XVI, em Lyon, França, uma das capitais do Renascimento europeu. Sua poesia segue as normas estilísticas da Antiguidade clássica, apresentando uma submissão às convenções da composição genérica e um caráter essencialmente alusivo. A fim de ilustrar tais elementos, examinam-se quatro epigramas contendo alusões a Marcial, Ausônio, Catulo e Virgílio.

This paper explores that the topic of ethics dumping, its causes and potential remedies. In ED, the weaknesses or gaps in ethics policies and systems of lower income countries are intentionally exploited for intellectual or financial gains through research and publishing by higher income countries with a more stringent or complex ethical infrastructure in which such research and publishing practices would not be permitted. Several examples are provided. Possible ED needs to be evaluated before research takes place, and detected prior (...) to publication as an academic paper, because it might lead to a collaborative effort between a wealthier country with restrictive ethical policies and a less wealthy country with more permissive policies. Consequently, if that collaboration ultimately results in an academic paper, there are ethical ramifications of ED to scholarly communication. Institutional review board approval is central to avoid ED-based collaborations. Blind trust and goodwill alone cannot eliminate the exploitation of indigenous or “vulnerable” populations’ intellect and resources. Combining community-based participatory research using clear codes of research conduct and a simple but robust verification system in academic publishing may reduce the risks of ED-based research from being published. (shrink)